Q1 목적 다음 글의 목적으로 가장 적절한 것은?

• ① to warn against the danger of extinction
• ② to argue for teaching Darwinian evolution theory
• ③ to describe how bodies adapt to environments
• ④ to explain why mental variation helps survival
• ⑤ to request support for new research studies

정답 ④

해설 글의 전반부에서 'variation is critical for the survival of a species'라고 언급하며, 정신적 다양성이 인류의 진화와 생존에 기여한다는 점을 설명하고 있으므로 'to explain why mental variation helps survival'이 정답이다.

Q5 제목 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?

• ① Why Biological Variation Saves Our Entire Species
• ② Charles Darwin and His Famous Scientific Theories
• ③ The Importance of Thinking in New Ways
• ④ How Environmental Changes Affect Animal Body Shapes
• ⑤ The Basic Principles of Human Nature Today

정답 ①

해설 'Why Biological Variation Saves Our Entire Species'는 인류의 생존을 위해 다양한 사고방식(변이)이 필수적이라는 글의 핵심 주제를 포괄적으로 담고 있다.

Q7 어법1 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

It's ① important for humans to have many kinds of minds, because variation is critical for the survival of a species. One of Charles Darwin's greatest insights was ② that variation is a prerequisite for natural selection to work. Think about it: If there's a huge change in the environment, like a catastrophic drop in the food supply or a big increase in temperature, a species without much variation might be completely ③ wiping out. A species with great variation will more likely have some survivors after any catastrophe - the members who are well ④ suited for the new environment. Darwin observed variation in the bodies of animals, and the same principle applies to human minds. If we all had the same kind of mind - if there were only one human nature - then when disaster struck, we might become extinct. Thankfully, our species has many kinds of minds, both within a single culture and across cultures, so we're less likely to be ⑤ wiped out. This variation preserves the evolvability of our species.

정답 ③

해설 종(species)은 멸종되는 대상이므로 수동태(be wiped out)가 적절합니다.

Q13 순서배열 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

[주어진 글]
It's important for humans to have many kinds of minds, because variation is critical for the survival of a species. One of Charles Darwin's greatest insights was that variation is a prerequisite for natural selection to work.

(A) Thankfully, our species has many kinds of minds, both within a single culture and across cultures, so we're less likely to be wiped out. This variation preserves the evolvability of our species.

(B) Darwin observed variation in the bodies of animals, and the same principle applies to human minds. If we all had the same kind of mind - if there were only one human nature - then when disaster struck, we might become extinct.

(C) Think about it: If there's a huge change in the environment, like a catastrophic drop in the food supply or a big increase in temperature, a species without much variation might be completely wiped out. A species with great variation will more likely have some survivors after any catastrophe - the members who are well suited for the new environment.

• ① (A) - (B) - (C)
• ② (A) - (C) - (B)
• ③ (B) - (A) - (C)
• ④ (C) - (A) - (B)
• ⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)

정답 ⑤

해설 정답 순서: (C) → (B) → (A)

Q14 요약문빈칸 다음 글을 아래와 같이 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸에 들어갈 알맞은 어휘를 주어진 철자로 시작하여 각 한 단어로 답안을 작성하시오.

Biological (a)v____________ is essential for the long-term (b)s____________ of any species facing environmental instability. Charles Darwin recognized that diverse traits allow populations to adapt and endure when catastrophic changes occur. This principle applies equally to human cognition, as possessing a wide range of mental perspectives protects us from (c)e____________. Ultimately, this cognitive (d)d____________ preserves the evolvability of our species by ensuring that some individuals remain well-suited for unexpected challenges in a rapidly shifting world.

정답
(a) variation [차이] - Biological variation is essential for the long-term survival of any species facing environmental instability.
(b) survival [생존] - Biological variation is essential for the long-term survival of any species facing environmental instability.
(c) extinction [사멸] - This principle applies equally to human cognition, as possessing a wide range of mental perspectives protects us from extinction.
(d) diversity [다양성] - Ultimately, this cognitive diversity preserves the evolvability of our species by ensuring that some individuals remain well-suited for unexpected challenges in a rapidly shifting world.